Best Adrenal Fatigue Supplements – What to Use & What to Avoid

Adrenal fatigue isn’t even real.

But the massive fatigue, brain fog & poor mental clarity, and the slew of other symptoms you experience are real.

If you want to sound like a cool kid, you’d really say hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction…

But hey, I’m not here to grill you on the specifics of what to call your adrenal exhaustion.

Either way, we’re going to answer the following questions on adrenal fatigue supplements:

• What are some of the best adrenal support supplements? 
• How can I strengthen my adrenal glands naturally?
• Does Ashwagandha help with adrenal fatigue?
• What vitamin deficiency causes adrenal fatigue?
• How do you know if you need adrenal supplements?
• Should you take adrenal supplements?

If you’re experiencing adrenal fatigue (not adrenal insufficiency… that’s very different), then buckle up, buttercup.

Let’s dive into adrenal health and unlock the secrets to a happier, more energetic you. Life’s too short to feel like a deflated balloon.

Next up: adrenal fatigue and its sneaky ways.

Understanding Adrenal Fatigue

Alright, folks, let’s talk adrenal fatigue. Imagine your adrenal glands as tiny, hardworking employees in the Stress Response Department of your body. 

When they’re overworked, they can’t keep up with the demands (hello, burnout!). 

Although conventional medicine will deny its existence (Cadegiani & Kater, 2016), there are very real mechanisms for adrenal fatigue to happen..

Here’s the breakdown

• Your body’s stress response revs up with acute stress
• Adrenals pump out more stress hormones
• This puts your cells into overdrive
• This wears down your cells…
• Which raises your body’s stress levels, even more,
• Which triggers your adrenals…

Unfortunately, this is how your body responds to long periods of chronically high stress levels which produces some nasty symptoms.

Adrenal fatigue symptoms 

Some of the sneaky symptoms you might experience:

• Difficulty waking up
• Salt cravings
• Sugar cravings
• Insulin resistance
• Brain fog / bad mental clarity
• Low energy levels (think of a sloth on a slow day)

Now, we’ll also cover how these symptoms are also… kinda… not really adrenal fatigue at all.

These are all related to your mitochondria!

If your mitochondria aren’t producing energy, then physical and mental fatigue settles in.

Your sleep requires mitochondria to function properly, hence sleep doesn’t do jack for you and you may have to turn to sleeping pills.

And, your mitochondria allow your proteins to retain salt inside of cells… so when that’s off electrolytes go right through you and you’re constantly craving salt.

So what’s causing this?

Causes of Adrenal Fatigue

So, what’s causing these tiny troopers to struggle? Some common culprits include:

• Poor diet
• Insufficient sleep (Vgontzas et al., 2001)
• Over-exercising (Meeusen et al., 2007)
• Toxins or infections

And again, I want you to start thinking about how these all fit together without considering your adrenals…

Well, I can also just tell you.

All of these will destroy your mitochondria.

If you put bad fuel in your metabolic engines, they’ll break down faster just like if you put diesel into your car.

If you don’t recharge your batteries, then the damage is done (just like your laptop battery)

And, while we’re on the computer analogy…

If you keep letting things assault your circuitry from toxins to viruses, then your mitochondria short-circuit and can’t produce as much energy as they need to.

And remember, when your mitochondria aren’t working right, then your adrenals have to step in to squeeze more juice out of your sun-dried semi-ash lemons. 

Chronic Stress and Adrenal Fatigue

Remember, your adrenal glands are your body’s stress bouncers. When stress piles up like dirty laundry, they’re working overtime to keep up with the stress response. 

But sometimes, they just can’t handle the load. That’s where chronic stress comes into play (Lennartsson et al., 2015).

Chronic stress is like a never-ending roller coaster. Your adrenal glands are constantly producing cortisol, the stress hormone, to help you cope. But even the toughest bouncers need a break! (Hence, why reducing stress is critical)

Over time, they become worn out and can’t produce enough cortisol to keep up with the demand (Cadegiani & Kater, 2016).

Now, chronic stress is simply when your nervous system puts your mitochondria into overdrive which essentially fries their energy production and shuts you down as a protective mechanism.

This is why stress related fatigue is a serious issue.

You see, we’re going to talk a lot about adrenals here today… but if we ignore the mitochondria then you’ll be chasing supplements and information like this for years.

Think of your adrenals as the weak link in the chain that breaks when you have poorly functioning mitochondria.

So, let’s focus on this weak link next.

The Role of Adrenal Glands and Hormones

Let’s zoom in on adrenal glands and hormones, shall we? 

For starters, your pituitary gland will stimulate your adrenal glands ability to produce hormones.

And, your adrenal glands produce many hormones we’ll discuss down below.

They do a bit more than just regulate cortisol production and manage stress.

Adrenal glands function

Picture your adrenal glands as tiny factories that produce hormones needed to keep your body in tip-top shape. 

This hormone production is the primary function of your adrenals

However, when this goes haywire… your adrenals can become a supervillain with stress hormones taking over. 

Hormones produced by adrenal glands: cortisol, adrenaline, and others

These hormone heroes include:

• Cortisol (the stress manager)
• Adrenaline (the energy booster)
• Aldosterone (the salt balancer)
• DHEA (the hormone balancer)

Cortisol is our primary stress hormone (Tsigos & Chrousos, 2002). 

Cortisol production amps up your central nervous system and bumps up your blood sugar levels too.

We’ve already beaten the cortisol horse dead, let’s move on to other stress hormones.

Adrenaline

Adrenaline, on the other hand, kicks in when we need a burst of energy (like running from a zombie horde!). 

Think of cortisol levels as caffeine and adrenaline is like espresso inside of a red bull.

Adrenaline is a fast-acting neurotransmitter that brings your nervous system into HYPER drive.

I would argue that most of the damage is from adrenaline rather than cortisol because of the massive shifts in mitochondrial function.

And, adrenaline is responsible for the “wired” feeling that comes along with adrenal fatigue and the anxiety that can skyrocket when life comes crashing down around you.

Aldosterone and Blood Pressure

Aldosterone helps maintain healthy blood pressure by balancing salt and water levels in the body (Funder, 2013).

When aldosterone isn’t working, this is why you get light-headed when you stand up because there isn’t enough blood pressure to maintain blood flow through your blood vessels to your head.

When adrenal fatigue gets pretty bad, then blood pressure is typically low all the time which worsens your fatigue because you’re not getting nutrients and oxygen to your mitochondria.

(Don’t worry, treating your adrenal fatigue won’t give you high blood pressure)

DHEA

Lastly, DHEA keeps our hormones balanced and supports immune function (Kroboth et al., 1999).

Although cortisol and aldosterone are literally required to survive, DHEA is required to THRIVE.

When you’re struggling with adrenal fatigue, DHEA levels go low because your body is diverting all available resources into creating the hormones needed to survive (like DHEA and other hormones from reproductive organs).

(This is very similar to how you have to divert your focus to just get through the day… funny how that works, huh?)

Just like when you’re in survival mode, there is a severe consequence.

DHEA is your body’s primary hormonal anti-oxidant.

So, when DHEA is low, then your cells live in inflammation and this damages your mitochondria even more.

Impact of hormone imbalances on the body

But, when these heroes are out of whack, it’s like a comic book gone wrong. 

Imbalances can lead to:

• Chronic fatigue
• Weight gain
• Sleep issues
• Anxiety and depression
• Weakened immune system

So, how do you keep your hormone heroes in check? 

(Let me give you a little hint… your mitochondria are the first place your hormones are made)

The answer partly lies in taking care of your adrenal glands (remember, they’re the ones running the show!). That means managing stress, eating well, and getting enough sleep.

Stay tuned for our next thrilling adventure: natural ways to strengthen adrenal glands!

Natural Ways to Strengthen Adrenal Glands

Alright, folks, it’s time to flex those adrenal muscles! 

Let’s dive into natural ways to help your body adapt. Ready, set, go!

Stress management techniques

First up, we have stress management. You can’t always avoid stress (unless you’re a Zen master), but you can learn how to deal with it. Here are some techniques:

• Meditation (think of it as a brain massage)
• Deep breathing (inhale the good stuff, exhale the bad stuff)
• Yoga (become a bendy pretzel)
• Laughter (seriously, it’s good for you! (Gross et al., 2004))

Now, these will help calm down your nervous system and prevent further damage… but this does NOT reverse the damage.

Think of this as putting out the house fire… but not renovating the house.

Nonetheless, this will reduce stress related fatigue.

Diet and lifestyle changes

Next on the list: diet and lifestyle changes. Your body is like a fancy car – you gotta put in good fuel to keep it running smoothly. Here’s what you need:

• Whole foods (fruits, veggies, lean proteins)
• Healthy fats (avocado, nuts, seeds, olive oil)
• Low sugar intake (say bye-bye to that sweet tooth)
• Stay hydrated (water, water, and more water)

Again, remember that the issue is in your mitochondria.

Mitochondria are your metabolic engines.

Just like the engine in your car, you can only slow down the breakdown by choosing better fuels.

That is, diet is just a way to slow down the damage, but not fully reverse it.

Importance of sleep and exercise

Last but not least: sleep and exercise. Consider these the dynamic duo of adrenal health.

The health benefits of sleep can’t be ignored, make sure to aim for:

• 7-9 hours a night (your body will thank you)
• Consistent bedtime (routine is key)
• A sleep-friendly environment (cool, dark, and quiet)

Now sleep helps a bit because it will trigger the repair of mitochondria.

However, you also need good mitochondria to have good sleep quality which is why you very likely wake up still feeling like garbage.

The other helpful thing to consider is exercise because it helps reduce stress.

Get moving with:

• Moderate exercise (30 minutes a day is a good start)
• Mix it up (try walking, swimming, or dancing)

However, exercise may not help you.

You need to listen to your body because exercise is a physical stress (don’t push too hard, or you’ll end up with the overtraining blues (Meeusen et al., 2007))

Because if the engines in your car are fuming… you wouldn’t keep driving, right? (I hope not)

You need to repair your engines to get the most out of exercise first.

Now, let’s turn our attention to key vitamins and minerals for adrenal health (dun dun dun!).

Adrenal Fatigue Supplements – Vitamins and Minerals

Let’s dive into some adrenal fatigue supplements related to vitamin and minerals

Vitamin C Supplements (ascorbic acid)

Vitamin C is like the Hulk of antioxidants, protecting your adrenal glands from stress-induced damage with its antioxidant properties (Padayatty et al., 2003). But, even the Hulk can’t fight off everything – sometimes, the stress response drains our vitamin C stores in our adrenal cortex.

How to address it:

• Eat vitamin C-rich foods (hello, oranges and strawberries!)
• 250-500 mg of Vitamin C is a typical dose for supplements for adrenal fatigue (but talk to a doc first)

However, just because vitamin C reduces the damage doesn’t mean it STOPS the damage from happening.

And, the issue with vitamin C is that it may reduce free radicals TOO much.

That’s a problem because your mitochondria actually need SOME free radicals to rebuild and restore balance.

That’s why so many people get hooked on tons of vitamin C or even get IV vitamin C drips just to get through a family vacation.

Vitamin D Supplementation

Vitamin D is like the sun’s fat soluble vitamin gift to our body (literally!). It boosts our mood, supports the immune system, improves bone health, and helps regulate hormones (Holick, 2007). However, we often don’t get enough sunshine, leading to deficiencies.

How to address it:

• 1000-2000 IU is a typical dose for supplements for adrenal fatigue (again, chat with a doc, and include healthy fats and fatty acids to aid in absorption)

Now, I hate vitamin D.

Why?

Because nearly every client we get has been on loads of vitamin D but they still have a vitamin D deficiency. 

Why is that?

Because nobody is asking “why” vitamin D is low in the first place.

Write this down:

Vitamin D is burned in the fire of failing mitochondria.

Bad mitochondria = inflammation = increased vitamin D consumption = no matter how much vitamin D you take you can’t get your levels to where they need to be.

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)

Vitamin B5 is the adrenal glands’ BFF. It helps maintain cortisol levels and other adrenal hormones (Rice, 2004). But sometimes, stress can deplete our pantothenic acid levels.

How to address it:

• Chow down on B5-rich foods (avocado, chicken, and sunflower seeds)
• 10-50 mg is a typical dose for supplements for adrenal fatigue (you guessed it – talk to a doc)

And, again, why is B5 low?

This vitamin is used to help convert fuels to be burned up by your mitochondria… especially sugars.

Sugar is your body’s emergency fuel.

So, when your mitochondria are constantly in emergency mode you are going to burn more sugar and thus use up more pantothenic acid.

Other essential vitamins and minerals for adrenal support

Magnesium

Magnesium is like a magician that helps your body relax (Cuciureanu & Vink, 2011). However, your stress response can make this relaxation magician disappear, leaving you magnesium-deficient.

How to address it:

• Munch on magnesium-rich foods (spinach, almonds, and pumpkin seeds)
• 200-400 mg is a typical dose for supplements for adrenal fatigue (but, as always, consult a doctor)

Magnesium is low partly because of insufficient amounts in our foods…

But largely because of the increased carbohydrate burning your cells are forced to do because your mitochondria can’t burn fat.

And, your mitochondria also allows your proteins to retain normal levels of minerals, namely potassium, and magnesium… hence why these minerals are in poor amounts in people with adrenal fatigue.

Zinc

Zinc is a booster for your immune system and immune response, keeping it strong and ready to fight (Haase & Maret, 2003). But your stress response can be like a sneaky thief, stealing your zinc reserves.

How to address it:

• Fill up on zinc-packed foods (oysters, beef, and chickpeas)
• 15-30 mg is a typical dose for supplements for adrenal fatigue (and, you know the drill – check with a doc)

Zinc is an essential nutrient for mitochondrial function because as a metal it allows electrons to bounce from point A to point B in your mitochondria to allow energy to be produced.

Selenium

Selenium is an antioxidant ninja, protecting your adrenal glands from damage (Rayman, 2000). But even ninjas can be defeated, and stress might leave you with low selenium levels.

How to address it:

• Enjoy selenium-rich foods (Brazil nuts, tuna, and eggs)
• 55-200 mcg is a typical dose for supplements for adrenal fatigue (remember to consult a doctor first)

Now, selenium suffers the same limitations of Vitamin C that we discussed.

By addressing these deficiencies, you’ll have a band-aid on your bleeding adrenal glands. 

Adrenal Fatigue Diet

Overall, it’s honestly best to have an “adrenal fatigue diet” that gets all these nutrients from food.

And, other components of an adrenal fatigue diet should include smaller meals that will provide some adrenal support (but cause other issues with your gut and liver function).

This helps short-term by stabilizing your blood sugar.

When your cortisol levels are off, then your blood sugar is off too.

Blood sugar levels determine how much fuel is going to your mitochondria.

Hence, maintaining balanced blood sugar levels will prevent them from falling apart and maintaining your energy levels.

Onward to adrenal herbals!

Supplements to support adrenals (herbals)

Adrenal fatigue supplements are like a team of superheroes, each with unique powers to help your adrenal glands bounce back from stress. But not all heroes wear capes (or come in pill form)!

These herbs are the foundation or alternative medicine like ayurvedic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.

Overall, these herbs help your body to respond to all the stress response consequences.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

Ashwagandha does more than just have a calming effect on your mind and cortisol levels (Chandrasekhar et al., 2012). Here’s a closer look at its magical properties:

• Decrease cortisol levels (it’s like a soothing lullaby for your adrenals)
• Help maintain blood sugar
• Boosts brain function, including memory and focus (who needs a thinking cap when you have Ashwagandha?)
• Supports a healthy immune system (like a shield against pesky germs)

However, Ashwagandha’s biochemical effect is akin to vitamin C, meaning it also encounters similar limitations. So while it does help your body deal with stress, it may not be the ultimate solution for adrenal fatigue.

A typical dose of Ashwagandha is 300-500 mg, but remember to consult your wizard – er, doctor – before embarking on this magical journey.

Rhodiola rosea

Rhodiola rosea, the supercharged battery of the plant world, not only energizes you but also helps you adapt to stress (Olsson et al., 2009). Let’s peek under the hood to see how it works:

Acts as an adaptogen, helping your body cope with various stressors (like a personal stress-busting sidekick)

• Enhances physical endurance and mental performance (faster, smarter, stronger – who doesn’t want that?)
• Fights fatigue and increases overall well-being (it’s like a spa day for your cells)

Just like with Ashwagandha, however, it’s important to remember that Rhodiola rosea is not a one-size-fits-all solution for adrenal fatigue.

When considering Rhodiola rosea, a typical dose ranges from 200-600 mg. But don’t forget to ask your friendly doctor for advice!

Now, these two are the top herbals… you will run into an infinite amount of them and I won’t ever be able to cover them all… 

Let’s teach you how to “fish” a bit

How to choose the right supplement for your needs

Whenever my clients ask me “should I take X” I always ask them “what’s your outcome?”

You need to have a process to determine what your needs are and what your outcome is

Generally, do the following:

• Assess your symptoms (are you tired, stressed, or both?)
• Research different herbs (knowledge is power)
• Determine how this could help you achieve your outcome
• Consult your doctor (I’ve said this so many times my lawyer would be proud)
• Set a determinate amount of time for you to see this effect (i.e. in 3 weeks I hope to see improved sleep quality, etc.)

You need a process to trial supplements because, if not, then you end up throwing spaghetti on the wall and never know what does what.

You need a steady hand in guiding your healing journey! 

Don’t make decisions from fear and panic, make them from where you want to be!

What to look for in a high-quality adrenal supplement

Again, I can’t review all 423789 supplements from Amazon

Here are some guidelines you want to follow:

• Trusted brand (you want Iron Man, not Iron “Man”)
• Third-party testing (like a detective ensuring your supplement is legit)
• Transparency in ingredients (no hidden kryptonite, please)

Now that we’ve covered adrenal supplements, it’s important to remember that even superheroes can have side effects. 

Potential Risks and Side Effects of Adrenal Supplements

Fasten your seatbelts, folks! We’re about to explore the wild world of potential risks and side effects of adrenal supplements.

Possible side effects and interactions

Even superheroes can have off days, and adrenal supplements are no exception. Watch out for these not-so-super side effects:

• Allergic reactions (itchiness, rash, or swelling)
• Digestive issues (upset stomach, gas, or diarrhea)
• Sleep disturbances (because counting sheep should be easy)
• And remember, some adrenal supplements might not play nice with other medications (like a superhero feud that no one wants).

That’s why it’s important to have a journal of your supplements and other factors in your life so that you can easily trace what’s going on wrong in response to your efforts.

When to consult a healthcare professional

Here’s my at-length “cover my butt” section.

If you’re unsure about adding adrenal supplements to your routine, it’s time to communicate with your healthcare provider. They can help you:

• Assess if supplements are right for you (remember: everyone’s different)
• Monitor any side effects (like a trusty sidekick)
• Adjust dosages, if needed (because too much of a good thing can still be bad)

In all seriousness, do this.

You may have other issues going on that need to be considered before adding in chemicals from the internet.

Safe and responsible use of adrenal supplements

Using adrenal supplements safely is like being a superhero with a solid moral compass – it’s all about doing the right thing:

• Start with the lowest dose (you can always level up later)
• Follow the instructions on the label (that’s what they’re there for)
• Keep a symptom journal (to track your progress and any side effects)

As we wrap up our journey through adrenal supplements, it’s important to remember that there’s more to the story. 

Let’s dive into the deeper-rooted issues with adrenal fatigue and the importance of mitochondria – the real powerhouses of our cells (there… I said it)!

Deeper Rooted Issues with Adrenal Fatigue

If you’re experiencing adrenal fatigue, you must know that adrenal fatigue supplements are not the “end all be all.”

You have to get at the root in your mitochondrial!

The Importance of Mitochondria

Mitochondria deserves a standing ovation for their role in keeping our bodies energized and healthy. Let’s give them some love:

• They produce ATP (our body’s energy currency)
• They’re involved in cell signaling, growth, and repair (busy bees!)
• Healthy mitochondria = happy adrenals (and who doesn’t want that?)

Diving Deeper on Mitochondria

Now, we’ve only scratched the surface of this fascinating topic. If you’re curious to learn more about adrenal fatigue, mitochondria, and how they’re connected, then you’re in for a treat!

Watch our FREE masterclass here- https://optimalcircadianhealth.com/class/

Our free masterclass will take you on a thrilling journey into the world of adrenal health and mitochondria. You’ll discover:

• The secrets behind the adrenal fatigue-mitochondria connection
• Powerful strategies to support your adrenal glands and mitochondria

So what are you waiting for? Click the link below to watch our free masterclass and unlock the mysteries of adrenal fatigue and mitochondrial health today!

https://optimalcircadianhealth.com/class/

See you there!

Dylan Petkus, MD 

References:

• Cadegiani, F. A., & Kater, C. E. (2016). Adrenal fatigue does not exist: a systematic review. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 16(1), 48. [link]

• Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 255-262. [link]

• Lennartsson, A. K., Kushnir, M. M., Bergquist, J., & Jonsdottir, I. H. (2015). DHEA and DHEA-S response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men and women. Biological Psychology, 104, 1-8. [link]

• Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., … & Urhausen, A. (2007). Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(1), 186-205. [link]

• Vgontzas, A. N., Zoumakis, E., Bixler, E. O., Lin, H. M., Follett, H., Kales, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2001). Adverse effects of modest sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatory cytokines. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86(5), 2449-2453. [link]

• Funder, J. W. (2013). Mineralocorticoid receptor activation and oxidative stress. Hypertension, 62(5), 840-841. [link]

• Kroboth, P. D., Salek, F. S., Pittenger, A. L., Fabian, T. J., & Frye, R. F. (1999). DHEA and DHEA-S: a review. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 39(4), 327-348. [link]

• Tsigos, C., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002). Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors, and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(4), 865-871. [link]

• Gross, J. J., Fredrickson, B. L., Levenson, R. W., & Miller, G. (2004). The psychophysiology of crying. Psychophysiology, 31(5), 460-468. [link]

• Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., … & Urhausen, A. (2007). Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(1), 186-205. [link]

• Cuciureanu, M. D., & Vink, R. (2011). Magnesium and stress. In Magnesium in the Central Nervous System (pp. 251-261). University of Adelaide Press. [link]

• Haase, H., & Maret, W. (2003). Intracellular zinc fluctuations modulate protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling. Experimental Cell Research, 291(2), 289-298. [link]

• Rayman, M. P. (2000). The importance of selenium to human health. The Lancet, 356(9225), 233-241. [link]

• Holick, M. F. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(3), 266-281. [link]

• Padayatty, S. J., Katz, A., Wang, Y., Eck, P., Kwon, O., Lee, J. H., … & Levine, M. (2003). Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 22(1), 18-35. [link]

• Rice, M. E. (2004). Ascorbate regulation and its neuroprotective role in the brain. Trends in Neurosciences, 23(5), 209-216. [link]

• Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of Ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 255-262. [link]

• Olsson, E. M., von Schéele, B., & Panossian, A. G. (2009). A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardised extract SHR-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue. Planta Medica, 75(02), 105-112. [link]